Cell sizes · osmosis · measurements

Units and standard form

Practise mm, μm and nm conversions, standard form and percentage changes using biological measurements. Check each answer and see the working.

Method and worked examples ↓

Start a short session

Check your answer after each question. Use a calculator where needed.

Learn the method

How to approach these questions

  1. 1 m = 1,000 mm; 1 mm = 1,000 μm; 1 μm = 1,000 nm.
  2. Going to a smaller unit increases the numerical value. Going to a larger unit decreases it.
  3. For percentage change, use (final − initial) ÷ initial × 100. Keep the sign.
  4. A negative percentage change means a decrease. It is not the percentage of the original amount remaining.

Worked examples

Convert 0.006 mm into μm and write the same length in metres in standard form.

0.006 × 1,000 = 6 μm. In metres, 6 μm = 6 × 10⁻⁶ m.

A potato cylinder changes from 2.50 g to 2.20 g. Calculate its percentage change in mass.

(2.20 − 2.50) ÷ 2.50 × 100 = −12%. The negative sign shows that mass decreased.

Keep practising

Topic map and study list · Practical data guides · Active recall decks

Course resources

AQA A-level Biology · OCR A A-level Biology · Textbook answers

Skill coverage follows the common A-level science subject content. Check your board’s current requirements: AQA 7402 and OCR A H420.